Datasets

C3S Seasonal Forecasts

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecast service is based on data from several state-of-the-art seasonal prediction systems.

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AIFS forecast - AIFS Ensemble (Set X - AIFS ENS)

Ensemble forecast runs produced by the ECMWF Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) Ensemble model.

4 forecast runs per day (00/06/12/18) 6 hourly steps to 360 (15 days)

More information can be found on the implementation page.

X-i: AIFS ENS forecast

Product description

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AIFS forecast - AIFS Ensemble Wave (Set XIII - AIFS ENS Wave)

On 12 May 2026, a new forecast stream will be produced by ECMWF's operational Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System ensemble model (AIFS ENS).

The new forecast stream is for wave forecast runs, marking ECMWF's first operational data-driven wave forecasts.

4 forecast runs per day (00/06/12/18) 6 hourly steps to 360 (15 days)

XIII-i: AIFS forecast

Product description

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AIFS forecast - AIFS Single (Set IX - AIFS Single)

Single forecast runs produced by the ECMWF Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) deterministic model.

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AIFS forecast - AIFS Single Wave (Set XII - AIFS Single Wave)

On 12 May 2026, a new forecast stream will be produced by ECMWF's operational Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System deterministic model (AIFS Single).

The new forecast stream is for wave forecast runs, marking ECMWF's first operational data-driven wave forecasts.

4 forecast runs per day (00/06/12/18) 6 hourly steps to 360 (15 days)

XII-i: Deterministic AIFS forecast

Product description

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Atmospheric model Ensemble 15-day forecast (Set III - ENS)

Ensemble (ENS) of forecasts providing an estimate of the reliability of a single forecast. Currently there are 50 perturbed members in the ensemble.

ENS offers "High Frequency products" until step 144:

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Advanced Web Services (AWS)

ecCharts

This licence provides access to ECMWF interactive ecCharts tool to visualise analysis and forecast products Please note that access to the ecCharts is for End User use only (internal).

ECMWF ecCharts web service is available and we are pleased to be able to offer the service for evaluation to customers of ECMWF's web products.

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Atmospheric Model Sub-seasonal forecast (Set VI - Sub-seasonal)

The sub-seasonal products comprise ensembles of individual forecasts up to 46 days and post-processed products of average conditions (e.g. weekly averages) and the associated uncertainty.

The purchase of the "Basic Set" +72, +96, +120, +144, +168 hrs is a mandatory prerequisite for the purchase of time steps in the range 12 to 66 hours.

The following sub-sets are available from the sub-seasonal forecast (46 days):

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Seasonal 7-month forecast (Set V - SEAS)

SEAS comprises ensembles of individual forecasts coupled to an ocean model and post-processed products of average conditions (e.g. monthly averages) with the associated uncertainty. Products are available up to 7 months ahead.

The following sub-sets are available:

V-i: Monthly means of ensemble means

Field computed from data of the daily individual forecast runs (section V-v) and averaged over all ensemble members. The fields are provided in GRIB code.

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Aerosol properties gridded data from 1995 to present derived from satellite observations

This data set provides observational records of aerosol properties obtained from observations collected by various satellite instruments. Aerosols are minor constituents of the atmosphere by mass, but critical components in terms of impact on climate. Aerosols influence the global radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly through influencing cloud reflectivity, cloud cover and cloud lifetime.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 06/01/1995 - Thu, 07/31/2025

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Agroclimatic indicators from 1951 to 2099 derived from climate projections

This dataset provides agroclimatic indicators used to characterise plant-climate interactions for global agriculture. Agroclimatic indicators are useful in conveying climate variability and change in the terms that are meaningful to the agricultural sector. The objective of this dataset is to provide these indicators at a global scale in an easily accessible and usable format for further downstream analysis and the forcing of agricultural impact models.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1951 - Sun, 08/09/2026

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Seasonal 13-month forecast (Set VII - SEAS)

These seasonal data comprises ensembles of individual forecasts coupled to an ocean model and post-processed products of average conditions (e.g. monthly averages) with the associated uncertainty. Products are available for forecast month 8-13, each quarter (February, May, August, November).

The following sub-sets are available:

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Carbon dioxide data from 2002 to present derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides atmospheric CO₂ observations as derived from satellite radiances. It consists of two types of products each covering a different part of the atmosphere: (i) The average CO₂ mixing ratio of the entire atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere. These column-averaged mixing ratio products are referred to as “XCO2” products. (ii) Mid-tropospheric (MT) CO₂ mixing ratio products. These products are referred to as "MTCO2" products. These products can be used to monitor the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of CO₂.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 10/01/2002 - Mon, 06/30/2025

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CERRA-Land sub-daily regional reanalysis data for Europe from 1984 to present

The Copernicus European Regional ReAnalysis Land (CERRA-Land) dataset provides spatially and temporally consistent historical reconstructions of surface and soil variables at the same horizontal resolution as the CERRA high-resolution reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 09/01/1984 - Thu, 07/31/2025

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Climate and energy indicators for Europe from 2005 to 2100 derived from climate projections

This dataset provides climate and energy indicators for the Europe as part of the Copernicus climate change service (C3S) Energy operational service. The climate-relevant indicators for the energy sector considered are: air temperature, precipitation, incoming solar radiation, wind speed at 10 m and 100 m, and mean sea level air pressure. The energy indicators are electricity demand and power generation from various sources: wind (both onshore and offshore), solar and hydro (run-of-river and reservoir) power.

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Climate and energy related variables from the Pan-European Climate Database derived from reanalysis and climate projections

The Pan-European Climate Database (PECD) provides information on climate and renewable energy variables for both historical and future time periods. For historical data, the ERA5 global reanalysis serves as the underlying climate data, while future projections are based on selected CMIP6 global climate models. The raw climate model data are further processed through downscaling to achieve higher spatial and temporal resolution and by applying bias adjustment.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Wed, 12/01/2100

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CMIP6 predictions underpinning the C3S decadal prediction prototypes

This catalogue entry provides daily and monthly global climate model data from Decadal Climate Predictions Project (DCPP) experiments, part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The decadal data in the Climate Data Store (CDS) are a quality-controlled subset of the full DCPP.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1860 - Mon, 12/31/2300

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Combined sea surface and sea ice surface temperature data derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides daily and monthly fields of global sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice surface temperature (IST) from 1982 to the present, using observations from multiple infrared and passive microwave satellite sensors. SST is a key driver of global weather and climate, affecting ocean-atmosphere interactions and driving climate variability.

calendar_today Interval/period: Fri, 01/01/1982 - Tue, 12/31/2024

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Complete ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate covering the period from January 1940 to present. It is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) at ECMWF and provides hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables. The data cover the Earth on a 31km grid and resolve the atmosphere using 137 levels from the surface up to a height of 80km. ERA5 includes an ensemble component at half the resolution to provide information on synoptic uncertainty of its products.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 01/01/1949 - Sun, 08/09/2026

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Complete UERRA regional reanalysis for Europe from 1961 to 2019

The UERRA datasets contain reanalysis data of the atmosphere, the surface and near-surface as well as for the soil covering Europe. Essential climate variables are generated with the UERRA-HARMONIE and the MESCAN-SURFEX systems. UERRA-HARMONIE is a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation system, while MESCAN-SURFEX is a complementary surface analysis system.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 10/18/2018 - Wed, 07/31/2019

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Comprehensive Upper-air Observation Network from 1901 to present

The Comprehensive Upper-air Observation Network (CUON) dataset is designed
to contain all available observations from balloons ascents through the atmosphere.
The main geophysical variables are temperature, humidity, and wind speed and wind direction,
as functions of atmospheric pressure levels. The observation platforms include pilot balloons, radiosondes, and ozonesondes.
The main observation data sources are:
- the NOAA Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA version 2),
- the NCAR Upper-Air Database (UADB), and

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/1901 - Tue, 12/31/2024

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CORDEX regional climate model data on single levels

This catalogue entry provides Regional Climate Model (RCM) data on single levels from a number of experiments, models, domains, resolutions, ensemble members, time frequencies and periods computed over several regional domains all over the World in the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The term "single levels" is used to express that the variables are 2D-matrices computed on one vertical level which can be surface (or a level close to the surface) or a dedicated pressure level in the atmosphere.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Fri, 12/31/2100

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Daily and monthly Global Interpolated RAinFall Estimation (GIRAFE) data derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides global estimates of precipitation based on satellite observations. Precipitation is the main component of water transport from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface within the hydrological cycle. It varies strongly, depending on geographical location, season, synopsis, and other meteorological factors. The supply with freshwater through precipitation is vital for many subsystems of the climate and the environment, but there are also hazards related to extensive precipitation or the lack of precipitation.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/2002 - Sat, 12/31/2022

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Climate extreme indices and heat stress indicators derived from CMIP6 global climate projections

The dataset provides climate extreme indices related to temperature and precipitation as defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), as well as selected heat stress indicators (HSI). The indices are provided for historical and future climate projections (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and used in the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

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Climate indicators for Europe from 1940 to 2100 derived from reanalysis and climate projections

This dataset provides a series of climate indices derived from reanalysis and model simulations data hosted on the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS). These indicators describe how climate variability and change of essential climate variables can impact sectors such as health, agriculture, forestry, energy, tourism, or water and coastal management.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Fri, 12/31/2100

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