Datasets
Displaying 1 - 25 of 50
The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) is an international reference observing network, established in 2006, of sites measuring essential climate variables above Earth's surface, designed to fill an important gap in the current global observing system. GRUAN measurements are providing high-quality climate data records from the surface, through the troposphere, and into the stratosphere.
Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1978 - Wed, 10/17/2018
This dataset provides access to two types of ozone observations: total column ozone estimates and vertical profiles of ozone concentration.
The total ozone estimates are based on solar UV radiation measurements made by ground-based spectrophotometers (Dobson or Brewer type spectrophotometers).
The vertical profiles of ozone concentration are estimated primarily using ozonesonde observations.
Data are available for 159 Dobson stations, 109 Brewer stations and 135 ozonesondes stations.
The total ozone estimates are based on solar UV radiation measurements made by ground-based spectrophotometers (Dobson or Brewer type spectrophotometers).
The vertical profiles of ozone concentration are estimated primarily using ozonesonde observations.
Data are available for 159 Dobson stations, 109 Brewer stations and 135 ozonesondes stations.
Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/1924 - Wed, 05/13/2026
This dataset provides estimates of water vapour derived from atmospheric delays in Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) radio signals.
The initial data is collected from two in situ ground-based network of GNSS receivers – the International GNSS Service
(IGS) and EUREF Permanent Network (EPN). The IGS collects, archives, and freely distributes GNSS data from a
cooperatively operated global network of more than 500 ground-based GNSS stations since 1994. The EPN is a European
(GNSS) radio signals.
The initial data is collected from two in situ ground-based network of GNSS receivers – the International GNSS Service
(IGS) and EUREF Permanent Network (EPN). The IGS collects, archives, and freely distributes GNSS data from a
cooperatively operated global network of more than 500 ground-based GNSS stations since 1994. The EPN is a European
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1996 - Wed, 05/13/2026
This catalogue entry provides access to vertical profiles of standard meteorological variables. It includes two archives.
The first is version 2 of the Integrated Global Radiosounding Archive (IGRA) from 1978 which incorporates global
radiosounding profiles of temperature, humidity and wind from a large number of data sources,
which is 30% larger than the previous version 1. IGRA v2 is the result of quality assurance procedures applied to the
The first is version 2 of the Integrated Global Radiosounding Archive (IGRA) from 1978 which incorporates global
radiosounding profiles of temperature, humidity and wind from a large number of data sources,
which is 30% larger than the previous version 1. IGRA v2 is the result of quality assurance procedures applied to the
Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1978 - Wed, 05/13/2026
This dataset provides monthly means of mass-consistent, vertically integrated, atmospheric energy and moisture budget quantities derived from 1-hourly ERA5 reanalysis data.
The vertically integrated budget diagnostics include the tendencies and lateral fluxes of total energy, water vapour, and latent heat (with the latent heat of vaporization varying with temperature). In addition, the divergences of the lateral fluxes are provided.
The vertically integrated budget diagnostics include the tendencies and lateral fluxes of total energy, water vapour, and latent heat (with the latent heat of vaporization varying with temperature). In addition, the divergences of the lateral fluxes are provided.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Wed, 05/13/2026
This data set provides observational records of aerosol properties obtained from observations collected by various satellite instruments. Aerosols are minor constituents of the atmosphere by mass, but critical components in terms of impact on climate. Aerosols influence the global radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly through influencing cloud reflectivity, cloud cover and cloud lifetime.
Interval/period: Thu, 06/01/1995 - Thu, 07/31/2025
This dataset provides monthly and zonally averaged tropospheric humidity profiles derived from globally distributed GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements from EUMETSAT's Metop polar-orbiting satellites. Humidity plays an important role in the Earth's climate system, due to the strong greenhouse effect of water vapour but also for its role in the global energy transport, vertically in the atmosphere and horizontally between different geographical regions.
Interval/period: Fri, 12/01/2006 - Mon, 12/01/2025
Upper Tropospheric Humidity (UTH) is of key importance to the Earth’s greenhouse effect and understanding of climate change. It is considered an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) because it controls key atmospheric processes, including those involved in water vapour and cloud feedbacks, that can amplify the climate system’s response to increases in other greenhouse gases. The Upper Tropospheric Humidity is defined as the integrated amount of Water Vapour in the atmospheric layer between ~500 hPa and ~200 hPa.
Interval/period: Tue, 07/05/1994 - Sun, 02/28/2021
The Sub-seasonal To Seasonal dataset (S2S) consists of global ensemble real-time forecasts and reforecasts from thirteen numerical weather prediction (NWP) and research centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.
Interval/period: Thu, 01/01/2015 - Wed, 05/06/2026
The Sub-seasonal To Seasonal dataset (S2S) consists of global ensemble real-time forecasts and reforecasts from thirteen numerical weather prediction (NWP) and research centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.
Interval/period: Tue, 03/01/2011 - Tue, 06/09/2026
This dataset provides atmospheric CH₄ observations as derived from satellite radiances. It consists of two types of products each covering a different part of the atmosphere: (i) The average CH₄ mixing ratio of the entire atmosphere from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere. These column-averaged mixing ratio products are referred to as “XCH4” products. (ii) Mid-tropospheric (MT) CH₄ mixing ratio products. These products are referred to as "MTCH4" products. These products can be used to monitor the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of CH₄.
Interval/period: Tue, 10/01/2002 - Tue, 12/31/2024
This dataset provides monthly averaged ozone values derived from a large set of satellite sensors with global coverage. Ozone is naturally formed in the atmosphere through the interaction between molecular oxygen and solar radiation. In the stratosphere, it acts as a shield protecting us from the UV radiation emitted by the Sun. At ground level however, it is a human health irritant and a component of smog. Ozone and climate change are strongly related.
Interval/period: Wed, 04/01/1970 - Tue, 07/01/2025
CAMS produces global forecasts for atmospheric composition twice a day. The forecasts consist of more than 50 chemical species (e.g. ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide) and seven different types of aerosol (desert dust, sea salt, organic matter, black carbon, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium aerosol). In addition, several meteorological variables are available as well.
Interval/period: Thu, 01/01/2015 - Thu, 05/07/2026
CAMS produces global forecasts for the two main long-lived greenhouse gases once a day. This dataset consists of 5-day high-resolution forecasts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Additionally, carbon monoxide (CO) and meteorological parameters relevant to the CAMS greenhouse gas forecast are included.
Interval/period: Fri, 03/01/2024 - Thu, 05/07/2026
This dataset is part of the ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis focusing on long-lived greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The emissions and natural fluxes at the surface are crucial for the evolution of the long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this dataset the CO2 fluxes from terrestrial vegetation are modelled in order to simulate the variability across a wide range of scales from diurnal to inter-annual.
Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/2003 - Thu, 12/31/2020
This dataset is part of the ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis focusing on long-lived greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The emissions and natural fluxes at the surface are crucial for the evolution of the long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In this dataset the CO2 fluxes from terrestrial vegetation are modelled in order to simulate the variability across a wide range of scales from diurnal to inter-annual.
Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/2003 - Thu, 12/31/2020
This data set contains net fluxes at the surface, atmospheric mixing ratios at model levels, and column-mean atmospheric mixing ratios for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20).
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Tue, 12/31/2024
This dataset provides geographical distributions of the radiative forcing (RF) by key atmospheric constituents. The radiative forcing estimates are based on the CAMS reanalysis and additional model simulations and are provided separately for...
carbon dioxide
methane
tropospheric ozone
stratospheric ozone
interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and radiation
interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and clouds
carbon dioxide
methane
tropospheric ozone
stratospheric ozone
interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and radiation
interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and clouds
Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/2003 - Sun, 12/31/2017
EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) is the fourth generation ECMWF global reanalysis of atmospheric composition. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using a model of the atmosphere based on the laws of physics and chemistry.
Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/2003 - Thu, 10/31/2024
EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) is the fourth generation ECMWF global reanalysis of atmospheric composition. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using a model of the atmosphere based on the laws of physics and chemistry.
Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/2003 - Sun, 12/31/2023
ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Sat, 05/02/2026
ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Sat, 05/02/2026
ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards. ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Data is available from 1940 onwards. ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Fri, 12/06/2024
ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Wed, 04/01/2026
ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.
Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Wed, 04/01/2026