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The air flow is not the same at all levels and can be very different in strength and direction when associated with vigorous weather systems...

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Uncoloured areas (relative humidity < 65%) are likely to be free of cloud. Coloured areas (relative humidity > 65%) show where moisture is likely to be available for cloud development...

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This chart shows 7-day mean anomalies of wind speed and direction from the ECMWF Sub-seasonal ...

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Mean windsea wave direction is the spectrally averaged direction of propagation of the windsea waves (weighted by wave height). Arrow length is proportional to the speed of wave propagation...

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Significant windsea wave height can be shown to correspond to the average wave height of the top one-third highest windsea waves. Wave heights are shown in metres using colour shading...

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This dataset provides climate indicators of windstorms associated with extratropical cyclones, derived from the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses (ERA5) over a pan-European domain. Developed as part of Copernicus Climate Change Service's (C3S) Enhanced Windstorm Service (EWS), and responding to requirements from users in the insurance sector, this dataset extends the previous C3S Windstorm Service (winter months only) to include the entire year.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 02/01/1940 - Fri, 01/23/2026

This dataset provides climatological indicators on European winter windstorms and their economic impact derived from ERA5 reanalysis. Also provided are risk indicators from a synthetically derived set of physically realistic windstorm events based on modelled climatic conditions. The primary users include the insurance sector, reinsurers and insurance industry service providers in response to their requirements for a catalogue of historic windstorm events within Europe.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 03/01/1986 - Wed, 11/30/2011

WMO Core, previously known as WMO Essential, is available to the public and governed by the Creative Commons CC-4.0-BY licence and also ECMWF Terms of Use.

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A routine inter-comparison of wave model forecast verification data was first established in 1995, developed around the exchange of model forecast data at an agreed list of moored buoy sites at which instrumented observations of significant wave height, wave period and wind speed are available over the WMO GTS.

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WMO Recommended, previously known as WMO Additional, is available to the public and governed by the Creative Commons CC-4.0-BY licence and also ECMWF Terms Of Use.

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**Note:** In **June 2023** ECMWF implemented a **major upgrade ...**

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This dataset provides gridded modelled hydrological time series forced with medium-range meteorological forecasts. The data is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is sub-daily high-resolution and ensemble forecasts of:

River discharge
Volumetric soil moisture
Snow water equivalent
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 10/11/2018 - Mon, 04/06/2026

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This dataset provides gridded modelled hydrological time series forced with medium-range meteorological forecasts. The data is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is sub-daily high-resolution and ensemble forecasts of:

River discharge
Soil moisture for three soil layers
Snow water equivalent

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This dataset provides an ensemble of forecast time series of gridded hydrological data. The data set is a product of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) and offers a consistent representation of key hydrological variables across the global domain including:

River discharge
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Snow water equivalent
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 11/05/2019 - Thu, 05/07/2026

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This dataset provides gridded modelled sub-daily and daily hydrological time series forced with meteorological observations. The data set is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is up to 30 years modelled time series of:

River discharge
Volumetric soil moisture
Snow water equivalent
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/1991 - Tue, 05/05/2026

This dataset provides gridded modelled daily hydrological time series forced with meteorological reanalysis data. The data set is a product of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) and offers a consistent representation of key hydrological variables across the global domain including:

River discharge
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Snow water equivalent
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Tue, 05/05/2026

This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model. The drop-down menu can ...

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This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model. ...

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**Note:** In **June 2023** ECMWF implemented a **major upgrade ...**

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The Sub-seasonal To Seasonal dataset (S2S) consists of global ensemble real-time forecasts and reforecasts from thirteen numerical weather prediction (NWP) and research centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 01/01/2015 - Wed, 05/06/2026

The Sub-seasonal To Seasonal dataset (S2S) consists of global ensemble real-time forecasts and reforecasts from thirteen numerical weather prediction (NWP) and research centres.
S2S project behind the dataset started in 2013 as a joint initiative of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP).
The goal of S2S project was to improve sub-seasonal forecast skill through combining multiple forecasting systems, enable multi-model evaluations and enhance knowledge sharing between operational centres.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 03/01/2011 - Tue, 06/09/2026

SNAPSI case study of Northern Hemisphere strong polar vortex case in the stratosphere, initialised on 2022-01-01. TCo319L137 resolution 51-member ensemble, integrated for 70 days.

Examples

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SNAPSI case study of Northern Hemisphere strong polar vortex case in the stratosphere, initialised on 2022-01-01. TCo319L137 resolution 51-member ensemble, integrated for 70 days.

Examples

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These charts show probability of various heights of significant waves 10-15 days ahead. The ...

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This chart shows probability information regarding wind speeds at 100 m above the earth's ...

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