Irina Sandu is the Director of Destination Earth (DestinE) at ECMWF, a flagship initiative of the European Union to develop a digital twin of planet Earth. Prior to taking the lead of ECMWF’s involvement in DestinE in summer 2023, she was Science Lead for the initiative from January 2022.
Irina joined ECMWF in 2010 as a scientist working on the representation of turbulent processes and then lead the Physical Processes team for several years.
Her research activities spanned a wide variety of topics ranging from process understanding to model development and evaluation; from idealized models to modern Numerical Weather Prediction Systems (NWP); from in-situ and satellite observations to reanalyses; and from the representation of physical processes to the use and impact of observing systems in NWP systems. They also spanned a wide range of processes (from land-atmosphere interactions and surface drag, to turbulence, clouds, convection, radiation, aerosols, pollutant dispersion and gravity waves); of spatial and temporal scales (from local to global, from tropics to poles and from hours to seasons and climate); and of modelling tools (from large-eddy simulations, to pollutant dispersion models, regional meso- scale models and global forecasting systems).
Through the work carried out at ECMWF, Irina played an instrumental role in improving understanding of the impact of surface drag, as well as the representation of both stable and cloudy boundary layers in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). In particular, her work led to various improvements of low-level winds in the IFS, which were subject to some of the most longstanding errors of the ECWMF forecasts, and to a number of studies demonstrating the impacts of the uncertainties in the representation of orographic drag in models on the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation at both NWP and climate time scales.
Irina has also coordinated polar prediction related activities at ECMWF for several years, most prominently in the context of the ongoing WMO Year of Polar Prediction and the H2020 project APPLICATE. Irina is also the co-lead of the H2020 nextGEMS project, which develops the next generation of storm and eddy resolving models which underpin the DestinE climate digital twin.
More recently, Irina has helped shaping the science plan for DestinE and led the DestinE science activities at ECMWF. Irina is now leading the implementation of the activities ECMWF is responsible for delivering in DestinE by working closely with partners throughout Europe, related to the first two high priority digital twins and digital twin engine.
- bringing global coupled models km-scale models from prototypes to fully developed operational systems
- numerical prediction systems development and improvement, across all their components: Earth-system modelling, observations, data assimilation and ensemble techniques and optimal use of (novel) supercomputing architectures
- the representation of physical processes in weather and climate models, more particularly, momentum transport and drag processes, turbulence, clouds and land-atmosphere interactions
- polar prediction.
Irina completed her Phd from Meteo-France and Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (2007). Her PhD research based on Large-Eddy Simulations helped demonstrating that aerosol-cloud interactions are far more complex than initially thought and that the parametrizations used in climate models are inadequate.
Irina then spent a couple of years as an Alexander von Humboldt post-doctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg (2008-2010). Irina used a combination of observations, reanalysis and Large-Eddy Simulations to study the controlling factors of the stratocumulus to cumulus transitions, one of the most prominent and difficult to model characteristics of marine boundary layer clouds. Based on this work, Irina proposed, and led, an intercomparison exercise for single column models and Large-Eddy Simulations in the framework of the Global Atmospheric System Studies (GASS) of GEWEX.
- WCRP/WWRP international prize for model development (2016)
- member of the WMO World Weather Research Project (WWRP) Scientific Steering Committee (2021-2022)
- member of the WMO Polar Prediction Project (PPP) Steering Group (2018-2021)
- member of the GEWEX Global Atmospheric System Studies (GASS) panel (2018-2022)
- member of the scientific advisory committee of Meteo-France (since 2017)
- external reviewer of the NERC/MetOffice PARACON project (since 2016)
- 2024
- (July 2024) Destination Earth’s digital twins and Digital Twin Engine – state of play, ECMWF Newsletter n. 180, pp. 14-23. DOI: 10.21957/is1fc736jx
- 2023
- Thomas Jung, François Massonnet, Irina Sandu (April 2023) Editorial: Special collection – “Impact of polar observations on predictive skill”, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4458
- Léo Rogel, Didier Ricard, Éric Bazile, Irina Sandu (October 2023) Effects of subgrid‐scale turbulence parametrization on the representation of clear‐air turbulence using kilometre‐ to hectometre‐scale numerical simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4557
- 2022
- Frederic Vitart, Rebecca Emerton, Mark John Rodwell, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Thomas Haiden, Stephanie Johnson, Linus Magnusson, Chris Roberts, irina sandu (January 2022) Investigating biases in the representation of the Pacific sub-tropical jet stream and associated teleconnections (a UGROW sub-project), ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 889. DOI: 10.21957/jcfqpdr2
- Takafumi Kanehama, irina sandu, Anton Beljaars, Annelize van Niekerk, Nils Wedi, Souhail Boussetta, Simon Lang, Stephanie Johnson, Linus Magnusson (March 2022) Evaluation and optimizaton of orographic drag in the IFS, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 893. DOI: 10.21957/fps6gngqe
- Linus Magnusson, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Mohamed Dahoui, Richard Forbes, Thomas Haiden, David Lavers, irina sandu, Steffen Tietsche (March 2022) Summary of the UGROW subproject on tropospheric temperature bias during JJA over the Northern Hemisphere, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 891. DOI: 10.21957/vsy2iiph
- Gabriele Arduini, Sarah Keeley, Jonathan J. Day, Irina Sandu, Lorenzo Zampieri, Gianpaolo Balsamo (July 2022) On the Importance of Representing Snow Over Sea‐Ice for Simulating the Arctic Boundary Layer, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems n. 7. DOI: 10.1029/2021MS002777
- Sonja Gisinger, Inna Polichtchouk, Andreas Dörnbrack, Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Irina Sandu (July 2022) Gravity-Wave-Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes. DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10508969.2
- Sonja Gisinger, Inna Polichtchouk, Andreas Dörnbrack, Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Irina Sandu (July 2022) Gravity‐Wave‐Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences Between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. DOI: 10.1029/2021JD036270
- Nils Wedi, Peter Bauer, Irina Sandu, Jörn Hoffmann, Sophia Sheridan, Rafael Cereceda, Tiago Quintino, Daniel Thiemert, Thomas Geenen (November 2022) Destination Earth: High-Performance Computing for Weather and Climate, Computing in Science & Engineering. DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2023.3260519
- Zied Ben Bouallègue, Fenwick Cooper, Matthew Chantry, Peter Dueben, Peter Bechtold, irina sandu (April 2022) Statistical modelling of 2m temperature and 10m wind speed forecast errors, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 896. DOI: 10.21957/vdcccja3f
- 2021
- Tobias Becker, Peter Bechtold, Irina Sandu (October 2021) Characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in storm‐resolving global simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society n. 741, pp. 4388-4407. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4185
- Sonja Gisinger, Inna Polichtchouk, Andreas Dörnbrack, Robert Reichert, Bernd Kaifler, Natalie Kaifler, Markus Rapp, Irina Sandu (November 2021) Gravity-Wave-Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes. DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10508969.1
- Florian Pappenberger, Rebecca Emerton, Shaun Harrigan, Calum Baugh, Irina Sandu (December 2021) Earth system forecasts for water resource decision making. DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10509301.1
- irina sandu, Gabriele Arduini, Jonathan Day, Linus Magnusson, Heather Lawrence, Niels Bormann, Peter Bauer, Sarah Keeley, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Thomas Haiden (July 2021) How APPLICATE contributed to ECMWF core activities, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 168, pp. 24-31. DOI: 10.21957/ir5fk44das
- Simon T. K. Lang, Andrew Dawson, Michail Diamantakis, Peter Dueben, Samuel Hatfield, Martin Leutbecher, Tim Palmer, Fernando Prates, Christopher D. Roberts, Irina Sandu, Nils Wedi (October 2021) More accuracy with less precision, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society n. 741, pp. 4358-4370. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4181
- Irina Sandu, François Massonnet, Guillian van Achter, Juan C. Acosta Navarro, Gabriele Arduini, Peter Bauer, Ed Blockley, Niels Bormann, Matthieu Chevallier, Jonathan Day, Mohamed Dahoui, Thierry Fichefet, Daniela Flocco, Thomas Jung, Ed Hawkins, Stephane Laroche, Heather Lawrence, Jørn Kristiansen, Eduardo Moreno‐Chamarro, Pablo Ortega, Emmanuel Poan, Leandro Ponsoni, Roger Randriamampianina (October 2021) The potential of numerical prediction systems to support the design of Arctic observing systems: Insights from the APPLICATE and YOPP projects, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society n. 741, pp. 3863-3877. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4182
- 2020
- Jonathan Day, Gabriele Arduini, Irina Sandu, Linus Magnusson, Anton Beljaars, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Mark Rodwell, David Richardson (May 2020) Measuring the impact of a new snow model using surface energy budget process relationships. DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10502951.1
- B. Saggiorato, L. Nuijens, A. P. Siebesma, S. de Roode, I. Sandu, L. Papritz (June 2020) The Influence of Convective Momentum Transport and Vertical Wind Shear on the Evolution of a Cold Air Outbreak, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001991
- irina sandu, Peter Bechtold, Nuijens L., Anton Beljaars, Andrew Brown (June 2020) On the causes of systematic forecast biases in near-surface wind direction over the oceans, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 866. DOI: 10.21957/wggbl43u
- Peter Bechtold, Richard Forbes, irina sandu, Simon Lang, Maike Ahlgrimm (July 2020) A major moist physics upgrade for the IFS, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 164, pp. 24-32. DOI: 10.21957/3gt59vx1pb
- Annelize van Niekerk, Irina Sandu, Ayrton Zadra, Eric Bazile, Takafumi Kanehama, Martin Köhler, Myung‐Seo Koo, Hyun‐Joo Choi, Yukihiro Kuroki, Michael D. Toy, Simon B. Vosper, Valery Yudin (November 2020) COnstraining ORographic Drag Effects (COORDE): A Model Comparison of Resolved and Parametrized Orographic Drag, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2020MS002160
- Jonathan J. Day, Gabriele Arduini, Irina Sandu, Linus Magnusson, Anton Beljaars, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Mark Rodwell, David Richardson (December 2020) Measuring the Impact of a New Snow Model Using Surface Energy Budget Process Relationships, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems n. 12. DOI: 10.1029/2020MS002144
- irina sandu, Thomas Haiden, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Polly Schmederer, Gabriele Arduini, Jonathan Day, Anton Beljaars, Zied Ben Bouallègue, Souhail Boussetta, Martin Leutbecher, Linus Magnusson, Patricia de Rosnay (November 2020) Addressing near-surface forecast biases: outcomes of the ECMWF project 'Understanding uncertainties in surface atmosphere exchange' (USURF), ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 875. DOI: 10.21957/wxjwsojvf
- 2019
- Andrew D. Elvidge, Irina Sandu, Nils Wedi, Simon B. Vosper, Ayrton Zadra, Souhail Boussetta, François Bouyssel, Annelize van Niekerk, Mikhail A. Tolstykh, Masashi Ujiie (August 2019) Uncertainty in the Representation of Orography in Weather and Climate Models and Implications for Parameterized Drag, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001661
- Frédéric Hourdin, Arnaud Jam, Catherine Rio, Fleur Couvreux, Irina Sandu, Marie‐Pierre Lefebvre, Florent Brient, Abderrahmane Idelkadi (September 2019) Unified Parameterization of Convective Boundary Layer Transport and Clouds With the Thermal Plume Model, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001666
- Gabriele Arduini, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Emanuel Dutra, Jonathan J. Day, Irina Sandu, Souhail Boussetta, Thomas Haiden (December 2019) Impact of a Multi‐Layer Snow Scheme on Near‐Surface Weather Forecasts, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001725
- Heather Lawrence, Jacky Goddard, irina sandu, Niels Bormann, Peter Bauer, Linus Magnusson (April 2019) An Assessment of the use of observations in the Arctic at ECMWF, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 845. DOI: 10.21957/exlwb4o04
- Inna Polichtchouk, Timothy Stockdale, Peter Bechtold, Michail Diamantakis, Sylvie Malardel, irina sandu, Filip Vána, Nils Wedi (June 2019) Control on stratospheric temperature in IFS: resolution and vertical advection, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 847. DOI: 10.21957/cz3t12t7e
- Polly Schmederer, irina sandu, Thomas Haiden, Anton Beljaars, Martin Leutbecher, Claudia Becker (November 2019) Use of super-site observations to evaluate near-surface temperature forecasts, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 161, pp. 32-38. DOI: 10.21957/fa518ps439
- Takafumi Kanehama, Irina Sandu, Anton Beljaars, Annelize van Niekerk, François Lott (December 2019) Which Orographic Scales Matter Most for Medium‐Range Forecast Skill in the Northern Hemisphere Winter?, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2019MS001894
- 2018
- Zeng X., Klocke D., Shipway B.J., Singh M.S., Sandu I., Hannah W., Bogenschutz P., Zhang Y., Morrison H., Pritchard M., Rio C. (October 2018) Future community efforts in understanding and modeling atmospheric processes, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0139.1
- Maike Ahlgrimm, Richard M. Forbes, Robin J. Hogan, Irina Sandu (August 2018) Understanding Global Model Systematic Shortwave Radiation Errors in Subtropical Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Regimes, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001346
- Sandrine Bony, Bjorn Stevens, Felix Ament, Sebastien Bigorre, Patrick Chazette, Susanne Crewell, Julien Delanoë, Kerry Emanuel, David Farrell, Cyrille Flamant, Silke Gross, Lutz Hirsch, Johannes Karstensen, Bernhard Mayer, Louise Nuijens, James H. Ruppert, Irina Sandu, Pier Siebesma, Sabrina Speich, Frédéric Szczap, Julien Totems, Raphaela Vogel, Manfred Wendisch, Martin Wirth (May 2018) EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation, Space Sciences Series of ISSI. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77273-8_16
- Isla R. Simpson, Julio T. Bacmeister, Irina Sandu, Mark J. Rodwell (January 2018) Why Do Modeled and Observed Surface Wind Stress Climatologies Differ in the Trade Wind Regions?, Journal of Climate. DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-17-0255.1
- Peter Dueben, Michail Diamantakis, Simon Lang, Sami Saarinen, irina sandu, Nils Wedi, Tomas Wilhelmsson (October 2018) Progress in using single precision in the IFS, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 157, pp. 26-31. DOI: 10.21957/ps2y9gfa2d
- Rossana Dragani, Angela Benedetti, Johannes Flemming, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Michail Diamantakis, Alan Geer, Robin Hogan, Timothy Stockdale, Melanie Ades, Anna Agusti-Panareda, Barré J., Peter Bechtold, Alessio Bozzo, Hans Hersbach, Elias Hólm, Zak Kipling, Antje Inness, Julie Letertre-Danczak, Sebastien Massart, Marco Matricardi, Tony McNally, M. Parrington, irina sandu, Cornel Soci, Frederic Vitart (December 2018) Atmospheric Composition priority developments for Numerical Weather Prediction, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 833. DOI: 10.21957/5e0whui2y
- Annelize van Niekerk, Irina Sandu, Simon B. Vosper (October 2018) The Circulation Response to Resolved Versus Parametrized Orographic Drag Over Complex Mountain Terrains, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001417
- Thomas Haiden, irina sandu, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Gabriele Arduini, Anton Beljaars (October 2018) Addressing biases in near-surface forecasts, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 157, pp. 20-25. DOI: 10.21957/eng71d53th
- 2017
- Sandrine Bony, Bjorn Stevens, Felix Ament, Sebastien Bigorre, Patrick Chazette, Susanne Crewell, Julien Delanoë, Kerry Emanuel, David Farrell, Cyrille Flamant, Silke Gross, Lutz Hirsch, Johannes Karstensen, Bernhard Mayer, Louise Nuijens, James H. Ruppert, Irina Sandu, Pier Siebesma, Sabrina Speich, Frédéric Szczap, Julien Totems, Raphaela Vogel, Manfred Wendisch, Martin Wirth (September 2017) EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation, Surveys in Geophysics. DOI: 10.1007/s10712-017-9428-0
- L. Schlemmer, P. Bechtold, I. Sandu, M. Ahlgrimm (May 2017) Uncertainties related to the representation of momentum transport in shallow convection, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2017ms000915
- Martin Leutbecher, Sarah-Jane Lock, Pirkka Ollinaho, Simon T. K. Lang, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Peter Bechtold, Massimo Bonavita, Hannah M. Christensen, Michail Diamantakis, Emanuel Dutra, Stephen English, Michael Fisher, Richard M. Forbes, Jacqueline Goddard, Thomas Haiden, Robin J. Hogan, Stephan Juricke, Heather Lawrence, Dave MacLeod, Linus Magnusson, Sylvie Malardel, Sebastien Massart, Irina Sandu, Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz, Aneesh Subramanian, Frédéric Vitart, Nils Wedi, Antje Weisheimer (September 2017) Stochastic representations of model uncertainties at ECMWF: state of the art and future vision, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3094
- Alan Geer, Maike Ahlgrimm, Peter Bechtold, Massimo Bonavita, Niels Bormann, Stephen English, Mark Fielding, Richard Forbes, Robin Hogan, Elias Hólm, Marta Janiskova, Katrin Lonitz, Philippe Lopez, Marco Matricardi, irina sandu, P. Weston (October 2017) Assimilating observations sensitive to cloud and precipitation, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 815. DOI: 10.21957/sz7cr1dym
- irina sandu, Ayrton Zadra, Nils Wedi (October 2017) Impact of orographic drag on forecast skill, ECMWF newsletter, issue 150, pp. 18-24. DOI: 10.21957/icghjblyn7
- Robin Hogan, Maike Ahlgrimm, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Anton Beljaars, P. Berrisford, Alessio Bozzo, Francesca Di Giuseppe, R.M. Forbes, Thomas Haiden, Simon Lang, Michael Mayer, I. Polichtchouk, irina sandu, Frederic Vitart, Nils Wedi (October 2017) Radiation in numerical weather prediction, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 816. DOI: 10.21957/2bd5dkj8x
- 2016
- Stephan R. de Roode, Irina Sandu, Johan J. van der Dussen, Andrew S. Ackerman, Peter Blossey, Dorota Jarecka, Adrian Lock, A. Pier Siebesma, Bjorn Stevens (June 2016) Large-Eddy Simulations of EUCLIPSE–GASS Lagrangian Stratocumulus-to-Cumulus Transitions: Mean State, Turbulence, and Decoupling, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-15-0215.1
- Felix Pithan, Theodore G. Shepherd, Giuseppe Zappa, Irina Sandu (July 2016) Climate model biases in jet streams, blocking and storm tracks resulting from missing orographic drag, Geophysical Research Letters. DOI: 10.1002/2016gl069551
- Irina Sandu, Peter Bechtold, Anton Beljaars, Alessio Bozzo, Felix Pithan, Theodore G. Shepherd, Ayrton Zadra (February 2016) Impacts of parameterized orographic drag on the N orthern H emisphere winter circulation, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2015ms000564
- Felix Pithan, Andrew Ackerman, Wayne M. Angevine, Kerstin Hartung, Luisa Ickes, Maxwell Kelley, Brian Medeiros, Irina Sandu, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, H. A. M. Sterk, Gunilla Svensson, Paul A. Vaillancourt, Ayrton Zadra (August 2016) Select strengths and biases of models in representing the Arctic winter boundary layer over sea ice: the Larcform 1 single column model intercomparison, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2016ms000630
- L. Schlemmer, Peter Bechtold, irina sandu, Maike Ahlgrimm (October 2016) Momentum transport in shallow convection, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 781. DOI: 10.21957/fehbyao0
- Pirkka Ollinaho, Sarah-Jane Lock, Martin Leutbecher, Peter Bechtold, Anton Beljaars, Alessio Bozzo, Richard M. Forbes, Thomas Haiden, Robin J. Hogan, Irina Sandu (October 2016) Towards process-level representation of model uncertainties: stochastically perturbed parametrizations in the ECMWF ensemble, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. DOI: 10.1002/qj.2931
- P. Ollinaho, Sarah-Jane Lock, Martin Leutbecher, Peter Bechtold, Anton Beljaars, Alessio Bozzo, R.M. Forbes, Thomas Haiden, Robin Hogan, irina sandu (October 2016) Towards process-level representation of model uncertainties: Stochastically perturbed parameterisations in the ECMWF ensemble, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 784. DOI: 10.21957/jjk9l5yy
- 2015
- Louise Nuijens, Brian Medeiros, Irina Sandu, Maike Ahlgrimm (April 2015) The behavior of trade-wind cloudiness in observations and models: The major cloud components and their variability, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2014ms000390
- irina sandu, Peter Bechtold, Anton Beljaars, Alessio Bozzo, Felix Pithan, T.G. Shepherd, Ayrton Zadra (October 2015) Impacts of parameterized orographic drag on the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 763. DOI: 10.21957/ojb2gmrgc
- Emanuel Dutra, irina sandu, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Anton Beljaars, Etienne Vignon, E. Brun, Helene Freville (October 2015) Understanding the ECMWF winter surface temperature biases over Antarctica, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 762. DOI: 10.21957/77ohp5te
- Louise Nuijens, Brian Medeiros, Irina Sandu, Maike Ahlgrimm (November 2015) Observed and modeled patterns of covariability between low-level cloudiness and the structure of the trade-wind layer, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2015ms000483
- I. F. Trigo, S. Boussetta, P. Viterbo, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, I. Sandu (October 2015) Comparison of model land skin temperature with remotely sensed estimates and assessment of surface-atmosphere coupling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023812
- C. Albergel, E. Dutra, J. Muñoz-Sabater, T. Haiden, G. Balsamo, A. Beljaars, L. Isaksen, P. de Rosnay, I. Sandu, N. Wedi (February 2015) Soil temperature at ECMWF: An assessment using ground-based observations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022505
- 2014
- Alessio Bozzo, Robert Pincus, Irina Sandu, Jean-Jacques Morcrette (October 2014) Impact of a spectral sampling technique for radiation on ECMWF weather forecasts, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/2014ms000386
- irina sandu, Anton Beljaars, Gianpaolo Balsamo (October 2014) Improving the representation of stable boundary layers, ECMWF Newsletter, issue 138, pp. 24-29. DOI: 10.21957/kdvw4lub
- Gianpaolo Balsamo, Anna Agusti-Panareda, C. Albergel, Anton Beljaars, Souhail Boussetta, Emanuel Dutra, T. Komori, S.T.K. Lang, Joaquin Muñoz-Sabater, Florian Pappenberger, Patricia de Rosnay, irina sandu, Nils Wedi, Antje Weisheimer, Fredrik Wetterhall, Ervin Zsoter (October 2014) Representing the Earth surfaces in the Integrated Forecasting System: Recent advances and future challenges, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 729. DOI: 10.21957/tp28b09ds
- Peter Bechtold, irina sandu, D. Klocke, N. Semane, Maike Ahlgrimm, Anton Beljaars, Richard Forbes, Mark John Rodwell (July 2014) The role of shallow convection in ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 725, pp. 27. DOI: 10.21957/heba1qwem
- C. Albergel, Joaquin Muñoz-Sabater, Thomas Haiden, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Anton Beljaars, L. Isaksen, Patricia de Rosnay, irina sandu, Nils Wedi (November 2014) Soil temperature at ECMWF: an assessment using ground-based observations, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 735. DOI: 10.21957/xg3aylkvt
- 2013
- Irina Sandu, Anton Beljaars, Peter Bechtold, Thorsten Mauritsen, Gianpaolo Balsamo (April 2013) Why is it so difficult to represent stably stratified conditions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models?, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/jame.20013
- J. J. van der Dussen, S. R. de Roode, A. S. Ackerman, P. N. Blossey, C. S. Bretherton, M. J. Kurowski, A. P. Lock, R. A. J. Neggers, I. Sandu, A. P. Siebesma (August 2013) The GASS/EUCLIPSE model intercomparison of the stratocumulus transition as observed during ASTEX: LES results, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. DOI: 10.1002/jame.20033
- Peter Bauer, Anton Beljaars, Maike Ahlgrimm, Peter Bechtold, Jean Bidlot, Massimo Bonavita, Alessio Bozzo, Richard Forbes, E. V. Hólm, Martin Leutbecher, Philippe Lopez, Linus Magnusson, F. Prates, Mark John Rodwell, irina sandu, A. Untch, Frederic Vitart (July 2013) Model Cycle 38r2: Components and Performance, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 704, pp. 58. DOI: 10.21957/xc1r0lj6l
- 2012
- irina sandu, Anton Beljaars, Peter Bechtold, T. Mauritsen, Gianpaolo Balsamo (August 2012) Why is it so difficult to represent stably stratified conditions in NWP models?, ECMWF Technical Memoranda n. 684, pp. 23. DOI: 10.21957/0lt9ztj22
- 2011
- Irina Sandu, Bjorn Stevens (September 2011) On the Factors Modulating the Stratocumulus to Cumulus Transitions, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI: 10.1175/2011jas3614.1
- 2010
- I. Sandu, B. Stevens, R. Pincus (March 2010) On the transitions in marine boundary layer cloudiness, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-2377-2010
- 2008
- Irina Sandu, Jean-Louis Brenguier, Olivier Geoffroy, Odile Thouron, Valery Masson (August 2008) Aerosol Impacts on the Diurnal Cycle of Marine Stratocumulus, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI: 10.1175/2008jas2451.1
- O. Geoffroy, J.-L. Brenguier, I. Sandu (August 2008) Relationship between drizzle rate, liquid water path and droplet concentration at the scale of a stratocumulus cloud system, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. DOI: 10.5194/acp-8-4641-2008
- 2005
- Irina Sandu, Pierre Tulet, Jean-Louis Brenguier (October 2005) Parameterization of the cloud droplet single scattering albedo based on aerosol chemical composition for LES modelling of boundary layer clouds, Geophysical Research Letters. DOI: 10.1029/2005gl023994