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AIFS Machine Learning data

ECMWF is now running version 2 of its Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS). The AIFS consists of a deterministic model, AIFS Single, and an ensemble model, AIFS ENS.

The deterministic model has been running operationally since 25 February 2025 and was upgraded from AIFS Single v1.1 to AIFS Single v2 on 12 May 2026. Further details can be found on the dedicated Implementation of AIFS Single v1 page.

calendar_today Interval/period: N/A

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CERRA-Land sub-daily regional reanalysis data for Europe from 1984 to present

The Copernicus European Regional ReAnalysis Land (CERRA-Land) dataset provides spatially and temporally consistent historical reconstructions of surface and soil variables at the same horizontal resolution as the CERRA high-resolution reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 09/01/1984 - Thu, 07/31/2025

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Daily and monthly Global Interpolated RAinFall Estimation (GIRAFE) data derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides global estimates of precipitation based on satellite observations. Precipitation is the main component of water transport from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface within the hydrological cycle. It varies strongly, depending on geographical location, season, synopsis, and other meteorological factors. The supply with freshwater through precipitation is vital for many subsystems of the climate and the environment, but there are also hazards related to extensive precipitation or the lack of precipitation.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/2002 - Sat, 12/31/2022

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Arctic regional reanalysis daily and monthly data from 1991 to present

The daily and monthly data of the C3S Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA) dataset contains daily and monthly meteorological variables at 2.5 km resolution. This includes fields at the single levels (including surface) and on pressure, height, soil and model levels.
These daily and monthly data are pre-calculated and have the following types depending on the variables: daily and monthly averages, extremes and totals.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 09/01/1990 - Sat, 02/28/2026

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Precipitation monthly and daily gridded data from 2000 to 2017 derived from satellite microwave observations

This dataset provides global estimates of daily accumulated and monthly means of precipitation. The precipitation estimates are based on a merge of passive microwave observations from two different radiometer classes operating on multiple Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 01/01/2000 - Sun, 12/31/2017

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ERA5 Land hourly time-series data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to the
Fifth Generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5).
Produced by replaying only the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis, it benefits from the same physical data-assimilation framework but runs offline at
higher spatial detail (9 km grid) to deliver richer land-surface information.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Thu, 12/31/2026

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Lake surface water temperature from 1995 to present derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides daily mid-morning measurements for Lake Surface Water Temperature (LSWT) derived from satellite observations. LSWT, together with five other variables (lake ice cover and thickness, water leaving reflectance, water level and extent) is recognised as the Essential Climate Variable (ECV) "Lakes" by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). LSWT is a key parameter in determining lake ecological conditions as it influences physical, chemical and biological processes.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 06/01/1995 - Tue, 08/25/2026

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Lake water levels from 1992 to present derived from satellite observations

This dataset provides lake water levels for 311 selected lakes on four continents derived from satellite radar altimetry.

calendar_today Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/1992 - Tue, 08/25/2026

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Extreme precipitation risk indicators for Europe and European cities from 1950 to 2019

The dataset presents climate impact indicators related to extreme precipitation in Europe under current climate conditions. The suite of indicators include recent historic records, recurrence intervals, and other relevant statistical measures to evaluate the magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events. These are provided as gridded products, with one product covering the whole of Europe, and the other higher resolution product focused on 20 European cities that were identified as vulnerable to urban pluvial flooding based on stakeholder surveys.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Tue, 12/31/2019

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Terrestrial water storage anomaly data from 2002 to present derived from satellite gravimetry observations

This dataset provides global Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) on a 0.5° regular grid. TWSA represent deviations from the long-term average of water stored on or below the Earth’s surface in the form of soil moisture, groundwater, surface water, snow and ice. Designated as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) as defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), TWSA is considered essential for contributing to a comprehensive view of Earth’s climate, its variability, and trends.

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 04/04/2002 - Tue, 04/01/2025

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UERRA regional reanalysis for Europe on soil levels from 1961 to 2019

The UERRA dataset provides estimations of the climate in Europe based on model data
combined with observations using the UERRA-HARMONIE system and MESCAN-SURFEX system.
UERRA-HARMONIE is a 3-dimensional data assimilation system, whereas
MESCAN-SURFEX is a complementary surface analysis system. In general, the
assimilation systems are able to estimate biases between observations and to
sift good-quality data from poor data. The laws of physics allow for estimates

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 10/18/2018 - Wed, 07/31/2019

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Reforecasts of river discharge and related data by the European Flood Awareness System

This dataset provides gridded modelled hydrological time series forced with medium- to sub-seasonal range meteorological reforecasts. The data is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is 20 years of sub-daily reforecasts initialised twice weekly (Mondays and Thursdays) of:

River discharge
Volumetric soil moisture
Snow water equivalent
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Wed, 10/14/2020 - Tue, 08/25/2026

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Reforecasts of river discharge and related data by the Global Flood Awareness System

This dataset provides a gridded modelled time series of river discharge, forced with medium- to sub-seasonal range meteorological reforecasts. The data is a consistent representation of a key hydrological variable across the global domain, and is a product of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). It is accompanied by an ancillary file for interpretation that provides the upstream area (see the related variables table and associated link in the documentation).

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/03/1999 - Sat, 11/25/2023

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River discharge and related forecasted data by the European Flood Awareness System

This dataset provides gridded modelled hydrological time series forced with medium-range meteorological forecasts. The data is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is sub-daily high-resolution and ensemble forecasts of:

River discharge
Soil moisture for three soil layers
Snow water equivalent

calendar_today Interval/period: N/A

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Seasonal reforecasts of river discharge and related data by the European Flood Awareness System

This dataset provides modelled daily hydrological time series forced with seasonal meteorological reforecasts. The dataset is a consistent representation of the most important hydrological variables across the European Flood Awareness (EFAS) domain. The temporal resolution is daily forecasts initialised once a month from 1991 to near real-time of:

River discharge
Volumetric soil moisture
Snow water equivalent
Soil wetness index (root zone)
Runoff water equivalent (surface plus subsurface)

calendar_today Interval/period: Fri, 01/01/1999 - Tue, 08/25/2026

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Seasonal reforecasts of river discharge and related data from the Global Flood Awareness System

This dataset provides a gridded modelled time series of river discharge forced with seasonal range meteorological reforecasts. The data is a consistent representation of a key hydrological variable across the global domain, and is a product of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). It is accompanied by an ancillary file for interpretation that provides the upstream area (see the related variables table and associated link in the documentation).

calendar_today Interval/period: Thu, 01/01/1981 - Sat, 07/01/2023

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pan-Arctic regional reanalysis daily and monthly data from 1986 to present

The C3S Arctic Regional Reanalysis second generation (CARRA2) dataset contains daily and monthly meteorological variables at 2.5 km resolution. These variables are specified at single levels (including surface) and also at soil, height, pressure and model levels. These daily and monthly data are pre-calculated and have the following types depending on the variables: daily and monthly averages, extremes and totals.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 10/01/1985 - Wed, 12/31/2025

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pan-Arctic regional reanalysis sub-daily data from 1986 to present

The C3S Arctic Regional Reanalysis second generation (CARRA2) dataset contains 3-hourly analyses at 2.5 km resolution. These variables are specified at single levels (including surface) and also at soil, height, pressure and model levels. Additionally, hourly forecasts are available between the analysis times and particularly forecasts up to 18 hours initialised from the analyses at 00 and 12 UTC.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 09/01/1985 - Wed, 12/31/2025

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Mountain tourism meteorological and snow indicators for Europe from 1950 to 2100 derived from reanalysis and climate projections

This dataset provides meteorological and snow indicators for Europe, characterizing operating conditions of winter ski resorts under past and future climate scenarios. The dataset consists of 39 indicators of atmospheric and snow conditions computed in a similar manner for all mountain regions in Europe at the scale of NUTS-3 regions (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) and by steps of 100 m elevation.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Fri, 01/01/2100

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Multi-model seasonal reforecasts of river discharge for Europe

This dataset provides hydrological seasonal reforecasts of monthly mean river discharge across Europe for the period 1993 to 2016. The first is an E-HYPE multi-model system comprising eight model realisations using a catchment-based resolution. The second comprises the E-HYPEgrid, VIC-WUR and LISFLOOD-EFAS hydrological models at a 5km gridded resolution.

calendar_today Interval/period: Fri, 01/01/2021 - Tue, 08/25/2026

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Machine Learning model data

ECMWF is now running a series of data-driven forecasts as part of its experimental suite. These machine-learning based models are very fast, and they produce a 10-day forecast with 6-hourly time steps in approximately one minute. The outputs are available in graphical form.

Currently, three of these models are available:

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ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Thu, 06/25/2026

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ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Fri, 05/01/2026

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ERA5-Land post-processed daily statistics from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Thu, 06/25/2026

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Essential climate variables for assessment of climate variability from 1979 to present

The Essential Climate Variables for assessment of climate variability from 1979 to present dataset contains a selection of climatologies, monthly anomalies and monthly mean fields of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) suitable for monitoring and assessment of climate variability and change. Selection criteria are based on accuracy and temporal consistency on monthly to decadal time scales.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Fri, 05/01/2026

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