Datasets

ECMWF is now running version 2 of its Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS). The AIFS consists of a deterministic model, AIFS Single, and an ensemble model, AIFS ENS.

The deterministic model has been running operationally since 25 February 2025 and was upgraded from AIFS Single v1.1 to AIFS Single v2 on 12 May 2026. Further details can be found on the dedicated Implementation of AIFS Single v1 page.

Lower values mean that more radiation is absorbed at the earth's surface while higher values mean more is reflected back to space. Albedo depends on the characteristics of the underlying surface and...

The leaf area index determines the degree of evapotranspiration. The index varies in a climatological way in the model, month by month (and so will not change in a different way if there is anomalous weather)...

The height of topography above mean sea level and the depth of the sea for each model grid box ...

ECMWF is now running a series of data-driven forecasts as part of its experimental suite. These machine-learning based models are very fast, and they produce a 10-day forecast with 6-hourly time steps in approximately one minute. The outputs are available in graphical form.

Currently, three of these models are available:

Soil moisture handling in the model is complex, and could be highlighted in many ways. Here a 'relativistic' approach is used for display, showing not absolute values, but instead...