The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) is an international reference observing network, established in 2006, of sites measuring essential climate variables above Earth's surface, designed to fill an important gap in the current global observing system. GRUAN measurements are providing high-quality climate data records from the surface, through the troposphere, and into the stratosphere.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1978 - Wed, 10/17/2018

This dataset provides access to two types of ozone observations: total column ozone estimates and vertical profiles of ozone concentration.
The total ozone estimates are based on solar UV radiation measurements made by ground-based spectrophotometers (Dobson or Brewer type spectrophotometers).
The vertical profiles of ozone concentration are estimated primarily using ozonesonde observations.
Data are available for 159 Dobson stations, 109 Brewer stations and 135 ozonesondes stations.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/1924 - Sun, 05/10/2026

This dataset provides estimates of water vapour derived from atmospheric delays in Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) radio signals.
The initial data is collected from two in situ ground-based network of GNSS receivers – the International GNSS Service
(IGS) and EUREF Permanent Network (EPN). The IGS collects, archives, and freely distributes GNSS data from a
cooperatively operated global network of more than 500 ground-based GNSS stations since 1994. The EPN is a European

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1996 - Sun, 05/10/2026

This catalogue entry provides access to vertical profiles of standard meteorological variables. It includes two archives.
The first is version 2 of the Integrated Global Radiosounding Archive (IGRA) from 1978 which incorporates global
radiosounding profiles of temperature, humidity and wind from a large number of data sources,
which is 30% larger than the previous version 1. IGRA v2 is the result of quality assurance procedures applied to the

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1978 - Sun, 05/10/2026

b'Detailed information on these EXPERIMENTAL products can be found

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This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model by showing how far ahead in the ...

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This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model by showing when the 1-SEEPS of ...

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This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model by showing when the 1-SEEPS of ...

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Lightning flash densities are diagnosed from forecast values of hydrometeor content, CAPE (convective available potential energy), and cloud base height that has been output by the convection scheme...

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**Note:** In **June 2023** ECMWF implemented a **major upgrade ...**

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This dataset provides monthly means of mass-consistent, vertically integrated, atmospheric energy and moisture budget quantities derived from 1-hourly ERA5 reanalysis data.
The vertically integrated budget diagnostics include the tendencies and lateral fluxes of total energy, water vapour, and latent heat (with the latent heat of vaporization varying with temperature). In addition, the divergences of the lateral fluxes are provided.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Sun, 05/10/2026

GraphCast (Google DeepMind): a deep learning-based system developed by Google DeepMind.It is initialised with ECMWF analysis. GraphCast operates at 0.25° resolution.

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GraphCast (Google DeepMind): a deep learning-based system developed by Google DeepMind.It is initialised with ECMWF analysis. GraphCast operates at 0.25° resolution.

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Precipitation totals include all precipitation types (rain, snow etc.) (in mm of rainfall or rainfall equivalent) falling in 6 hour or 12 hour periods using colour shading...

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Total accumulated rainfall charts identify areas at greater risk of significant rainfall (or rain equivalent e.g.snowfall) but give no information regarding whether this occurs over a short or prolonged time period...

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AIFS ENS: a deep learning-based system developed by ECMWF. It is initialised with ECMWF perturbed forecasts and operates at N320 (~0.25Deg) resolution

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AIFS ENS: a deep learning-based system developed by ECMWF. It is initialised with ECMWF perturbed forecasts and operates at N320 (~0.25Deg) resolution

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AIFS ENS: a deep learning-based system developed by ECMWF. It is initialised with ECMWF perturbed forecasts and operates at N320 (~0.25Deg) resolution

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The C3S Arctic Regional Reanalysis second generation (CARRA2) dataset contains daily and monthly meteorological variables at 2.5 km resolution. These variables are specified at single levels (including surface) and also at soil, height, pressure and model levels. These daily and monthly data are pre-calculated and have the following types depending on the variables: daily and monthly averages, extremes and totals.

calendar_today Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/1986 - Sun, 12/31/2023

The C3S Arctic Regional Reanalysis second generation (CARRA2) dataset contains 3-hourly analyses at 2.5 km resolution. These variables are specified at single levels (including surface) and also at soil, height, pressure and model levels. Additionally, hourly forecasts are available between the analysis times and particularly forecasts up to 18 hours initialised from the analyses at 00 and 12 UTC.

calendar_today Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/1986 - Sun, 12/31/2023

The reliability diagram shows the reliability of the ECMWF seasonal forecast system (SEAS5) with ...

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This chart shows the Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) diagram for the three-month ...

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This chart shows the spatial variation in the Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) skill ...

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The ECMWF seasonal forecasts (SEAS5) are produced every month with a 51-member ensemble at a ...

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This chart shows the spatial variation in the Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) for the ...

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