Datasets

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Sat, 05/02/2026

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ERA5 hourly time-series data on single levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards. ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Fri, 12/06/2024

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ERA5 Land hourly time-series data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to the
Fifth Generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5).
Produced by replaying only the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis, it benefits from the same physical data-assimilation framework but runs offline at
higher spatial detail (9 km grid) to deliver richer land-surface information.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Thu, 12/31/2026

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ERA5 monthly averaged data on pressure levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Wed, 04/01/2026

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ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Wed, 04/01/2026

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ERA5 post-processed daily statistics on pressure levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Sat, 05/02/2026

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ERA5 post-processed daily statistics on single levels from 1940 to present

ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for the global climate and weather for the past 8 decades.
Data is available from 1940 onwards.
ERA5 replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1940 - Sat, 05/02/2026

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ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Sat, 05/02/2026

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ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Wed, 04/01/2026

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ERA5-Land post-processed daily statistics from 1950 to present

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Sat, 05/02/2026

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ERA6 prototype 1 sample data for testing only June to August 2022

This experiment is a prototype. It has several important limitations. It is not an ERA6 production. It has known missing components. It should not be used for any application or publication. It should be used to provide feedback to ECMWF.

Examples

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Fraction of CRPS value > 5°C for 2 m temperature errors

This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model. ...

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Fraction of large 2m temperature errors

This diagram gives a measure of the effectiveness of the model. ...

calendar_today Interval/period: N/A

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Freezing rain during last 6 hours

Where precipitation is forecast, a type of precipitation can be assigned according to the temperature structure of the model atmosphere that includes the layers through which the model precipitation falls...

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Future forecasts of Storm Eunice (2022)

Forecasts using IFS EPS CY47R3 replicating operations (51 members, TCo639, ORCA025Z75). The ocean state has had a hydrostatically balanced estimate of anthropogenic influence (warming) since 1850-1900 added, such that the total anthropogenic influence is twice estimated at the present day (an equal but opposite perturbation to expid b2nn). The CO2 concentration was set to 625 ppm.

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Future forecasts of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave

Forecasts using IFS EPS CY47R2 replicating operations (51 members, TCo639, ORCA025Z75). The ocean state has had a hydrostatically balanced estimate of anthropogenic influence (warming) since 1850-1900 added, such that the total anthropogenic influence is twice estimated at the present day (an equal but opposite perturbation to expid b2mg). The CO2 concentration was set to 615 ppm. If you are interested in using these data, please let us know by contacting nicholas.leach@physics.ox.ac.uk .

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Future forecasts of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave, CMCC-CM2-HR4 perturbations

Forecasts using IFS EPS CY47R2 replicating operations (51 members, TCo639, ORCA025Z75). The ocean state has had a hydrostatically balanced estimate of anthropogenic influence (warming) within the CMCC-CM2-HR4 climate model since 1850-1900 added, such that the total anthropogenic influence is twice estimated at the present day (an equal but opposite perturbation to expid b2mk). The CO2 concentration was set to 615 ppm.

calendar_today Interval/period: N/A

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Glacier mass change gridded data from 1976 to present derived from the Fluctuations of Glaciers Database

The dataset provides global annual glacier mass changes distributed on a global regular grid at 0.5° resolution (latitude, longitude) based on the Fluctuations of Glaciers (FoG) database of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). Glaciers play a fundamental role in the Earth’s water cycles. They are one of the most important freshwater resources for societies and ecosystems and the recent increase in ice melt contributes directly to the rise of ocean levels.

calendar_today Interval/period: Wed, 01/01/1975 - Sat, 05/09/2026

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Glaciers distribution data from the Randolph Glacier Inventory for year 2000

This dataset, commonly known as the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI), provides global glacier outlines compiled from maps, aerial photographs and satellite images. The data is provided as a "snapshot" (single time-slice) constructed from images that were mostly acquired in the period 2000-2010.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sat, 01/01/2000 - Sun, 12/31/2000

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Global and regional 500 hPa height anomaly

**Note:** In **June 2023** ECMWF implemented a **major upgrade ...**

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Global bioclimatic indicators from 1950 to 2100 derived from climate projections

This dataset provides global bioclimatic indicators derived from CMIP5 climate projections. These bioclimatic indicators describe how the climate affects ecosystems, the services ecosystems deliver and nature’s biodiversity. They are specifically relevant for applications within the biodiversity and ecosystem community.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1950 - Thu, 12/31/2099

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Global bioclimatic indicators from 1979 to 2018 derived from reanalysis

This dataset provides a historical global reconstruction of bioclimatic indicators derived from ERA5 reanalysis on a latitude-longitude grid. These bioclimate indicators describe how the climate affects ecosystems, the services they deliver, and nature’s biodiversity. They are specifically relevant for applications within the biodiversity and ecosystem services community.

calendar_today Interval/period: Mon, 01/01/1979 - Mon, 12/31/2018

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Global land surface atmospheric variables from 1755 to present from comprehensive in-situ observations

This set of data holdings provides access to data collected from land surface meteorological observations across the globe. Data are available at the observational level and also at daily and monthly aggregations. Data have been collated and harmonised and quality control checks have been performed, but no attempt has been made to assess for potential biases. Data are provided for a range of commonly observed variables.

calendar_today Interval/period: Sun, 01/01/1978 - Wed, 10/17/2018

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Global marine surface meteorological variables from 1850 to present from comprehensive in-situ observations

This set of holdings provides access to surface marine meteorological weather reports and observations made by merchant
and naval ships, drifting buoys and other platforms and vessels over
the global ocean. Data have been collated and harmonised and quality control checks have been performed, but no attempt
has been made to assess or correct for potential biases.
Data are provided for a range of commonly observed variables.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/1850 - Sat, 05/09/2026

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Global monthly and daily high-spatial resolution of total column water vapour from 2002 to 2017 derived from satellite observations

Atmospheric water vapor, quantified here as Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV), holds paramount importance in monitoring and understanding Earth's climate dynamics. Its role as an Essential Climate Variable is pivotal, serving as the foundation for cloud formation, cloud physics, and significantly impacting the Earth's heat budget through its proficient absorption of both long and short-wave radiation.
This catalogue entry presents two extensive, high-quality observational datasets of TCWV, specifically tailored for climate analysis and applications.

calendar_today Interval/period: Tue, 01/01/2002 - Sun, 12/31/2017

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